APTHOUS ULCERS

Overview

Apthous ulcers are a type of ulcers that appear within the mouth in the form of open sores. These sores are usually painful, making normal oral tasks such as eating a discomfort. Depending on their size apthous ulcers are minor or major.

Causes
Causes are unknown but may be precipitated by stress, trauma (such as biting) and other factors.

Symptoms

• ulcers in the mouth but not on the lips
• Single or multiple painful mouth ulcers, which can range from 2mm (minor apthous ulcer) to more than 10mm in diameter (major apthous ulcer)
• Minor apthous ulcers persist for 7 to 14 days before subsiding and heal without scarring
• Major apthous ulcers heal in 6 weeks and may have scarring

Risk Factors
There are no definite risk factors. Deficiencies in vitamin B12, folic acid and iron have been found in a small percentage of patients with apthous ulcers. Food sensitivities or allergies have been linked to the occurrence of apthous ulcers.

When to Seek Help
You should consult your dentist if:

• You develop high fever
• Your ulcer is unusually large and persistent
• Your have great discomfort eating and drinking
• You experience pain that you cannot control with self care measures

Treatment
Minor apthous ulcers usually heal even without active treatment in about 2 weeks. Treatment is usually given to relieve pain and discomfort.

• Application of a gel or paste may help to protect the site from abrasion during function.
• In certain cases, steroid ointment or topical medication is prescribed by a dentist. If infected, antibiotics may be prescribed.

Minor apthous ulcer                      Major apthous ulcer